The working principle of a heat exchanger is primarily based on two basic heat transfer mechanisms: conduction and convection. Conduction heat transfer refers to the process of heat transfer within an object through molecular vibration. Convection heat transfer is the process of heat transfer within a fluid through flow. In practical applications, these two heat transfer mechanisms often coexist and influence each other. For example, in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, heat can be conducted through the tube walls, while the fluid inside the tubes transfers heat through convection.
The design and manufacture of heat exchangers must take into account their actual application scenarios and operating conditions. For instance, heat exchangers used in food processing must meet food safety standards, while those used in the chemical industry must be able to withstand harsh conditions such as chemical corrosion and high temperatures and pressures. Therefore, selecting appropriate heat exchangers and designing the manufacturing process are crucial for improving the efficiency, safety, and reliability of the equipment.
